The Rules
Basketball is a team sport. Two teams of five players each try to score by shooting a ball through a hoop elevated 10 feet above the ground. The game is played on a rectangular floor called the court, and there is a hoop at each end. The court is divided into two main sections by the mid-court line. If the offensive team puts the ball into play behind the mid-court line, it has ten seconds to get the ball over the mid-court line. If it doesn't, then the defense gets the ball. Once the offensive team gets the ball over the mid-court line, it can no longer have possession of the ball in the area in back of the line. If it does, the defense is awarded the ball.
Basketball Court 1
The ball is moved down the court toward the basket by passing or dribbling. The team with the ball is called the offense. The team without the ball is called the defense. They try to steal the ball, contest shots, steal and deflect passes, and garner rebounds.
When a team makes a basket, they score two points and the ball goes to the other team. If a basket, or field goal, is made outside of the three-point arc, then that basket is worth three points. A free throw is worth one point. Free throws are awarded to a team according to some formats involving the number of fouls committed in a half and/or the type of foul committed. Fouling a shooter always results in two or three free throws being awarded the shooter, depending upon where he was when he shot. If he was beyond the three-point line, then he gets three shots. Other types of fouls do not result in free throws being awarded until a certain number have accumulated during a half. Once that number is reached, then the player who was fouled is awarded a '1-and-1' opportunity. If he makes his first free throw, he gets to attempt a second. If he misses the first shot, the ball is live on the rebound.
Each game is divided into sections. All levels have two halves. In college, each half is twenty minutes long. In high school and below, the halves are divided into eight (and sometimes, six) minute quarters. In the pros, quarters are twelve minutes long. There is a gap of several minutes between halves. Gaps between quarters are relatively short. If the score is tied at the end of regulation, then overtime periods of various lengths are played until a winner emerges.
Each team is assigned a basket or goal to defend. This means that the other basket is their scoring basket. At halftime, the teams switch goals. The game begins with one player from either team at center court. A referee will toss the ball up between the two. The player that gets his hands on the ball will tip it to a teammate. This is called a tip-off. In addition to stealing the ball from an opposing player, there are other ways for a team to get the ball.
One such way is if the other team commits a foul or violation.
Fouls and Violations
FOULS
Personal fouls: Personal fouls include any type of illegal physical contact.
Hitting
Pushing
Slapping
Holding
Illegal pick/screen -- when an offensive player is moving. When an offensive player sticks out a limb and makes physical contact with a defender in an attempt to block the path of the defender.
Personal foul penalties: If a player is shooting while a being fouled, then he gets two free throws if his shot doesn't go in, but only one free throw if his shot does go in.
Three free throws are awarded if the player is fouled while shooting for a three-point goal and they miss their shot. If a player is fouled while shooting a three-point shot and makes it anyway, he is awarded one free throw. Thus, he could score four points on the play.
Inbounds. If fouled while not shooting, the ball is given to the team the foul was committed upon. They get the ball at the nearest side or baseline, out of bounds, and have 5 seconds to pass the ball onto the court.
One & one. If the team committing the foul has seven or more fouls in the game, then the player who was fouled is awarded one free throw. If he makes his first shot, then he is awarded another free throw.
Ten or more fouls. If the team committing the foul has ten or more fouls, then the fouled player receives two free throws.
Charging. An offensive foul that is committed when a player pushes or runs over a defensive player. The ball is given to the team that the foul was committed upon.
Blocking. Blocking is illegal personal contact resulting from a defender not establishing position in time to prevent an opponent's drive to the basket.
Flagrant foul. Violent contact with an opponent. This includes hitting, kicking, and punching. This type of foul results in free throws plus the offense retaining possession of the ball after the free throws.
Intentional foul. When a player makes physical contact with another player with no reasonable effort to steal the ball. It is a judgment call for the officials.
Technical foul. Technical foul. A player or a coach can commit this type of foul. It does not involve player contact or the ball but is instead about the 'manners' of the game. Foul language, obscenity, obscene gestures, and even arguing can be considered a technical foul, as can technical details regarding filling in the scorebook improperly or dunking during warm-ups.
VIOLATIONS
Walking/Traveling. Taking more than 'a step and a half' without dribbling the ball is traveling. Moving your pivot foot once you've stopped dribbling is traveling.
Carrying/palming. When a player dribbles the ball with his hand too far to the side of or, sometimes, even under the ball.
Double Dribble. Dribbling the ball with both hands on the ball at the same time or picking up the dribble and then dribbling again is a double dribble.
Held ball. Occasionally, two or more opposing players will gain possession of the ball at the same time. In order to avoid a prolonged and/or violent tussle, the referee stops the action and awards the ball to one team or the other on a rotating basis.
Goaltending. If a defensive player interferes with a shot while it's on the way down toward the basket, while it's on the way up toward the basket after having touched the backboard, or while it's in the cylinder above the rim, it's goaltending and the shot counts. If committed by an offensive player, it's a violation and the ball is awarded to the opposing team for a throw-in.
Backcourt violation. Once the offense has brought the ball across the mid-court line, they cannot go back across the line during possession. If they do, the ball is awarded to the other team to pass inbounds.
Time restrictions. A player passing the ball inbounds has five seconds to pass the ball. If he does not, then the ball is awarded to the other team. Other time restrictions include the rule that a player cannot have the ball for more than five seconds when being closely guarded and, in some states and levels, shot-clock restrictions requiring a team to attempt a shot within a given time frame.
Player Positions
Center. Centers are generally your tallest players. They generally are positioned near the basket.
Offensive -- The center's goal is to get open for a pass and to shoot. They are also responsible for blocking defenders, known as picking or screening, to open other players up for driving to the basket for a goal. Centers are expected to get some offensive rebounds and put-backs.
Defensive -- On defense, the center's main responsibility is to keep opponents from shooting by blocking shots and passes in the key area. They also are expected to get a lot of rebounds because they're taller.
Forward. Your next tallest players will most likely be your forwards. While a forward may be called upon to play under the hoop, they may also be required to operate in the wings and corner areas.
Offensive -- Forwards are responsible to get free for a pass, take outside shots, drive for goals, and rebound.
Defensive -- Responsibilities include preventing drives to the goal and rebounding.
Guard. These are potentially your shortest players and they should be really good at dribbling fast, seeing the court, and passing. It is their job to bring the ball down the court and set up offensive plays.
Offensive -- Dribbling, passing, and setting up offensive plays are a guard's main responsibilities. They also need to be able to drive to the basket and to shoot from the perimeter.
Defensive -- On defense, a guard is responsible for stealing passes, contesting shots, preventing drives to the hoop, and for boxing out.
Where Should New Players and Coaches Start?
First, we suggest that you focus on learning the basic fundamentals of basketball.
To teach fundamental skills, start with these 72 free basketball drills that include full diagrams and step by step instructions. They will help you develop strong fundamentals and basketball skills.
Like any sport, no matter what your age -- whether you're a professional athlete or a youth player just getting started -- you need strong fundamentals to be successful!
Unfortunately, most people don't really understand what that means.
The fundamentals include working on the little things that make you better -- no matter what team or coach you play for -- or what offense or defense you are running.
For example, by working on the fundamentals of shooting, you will get better no matter what team you play for. The fundamentals of shooting include proper foot alignment, leg bend, hand position, arm angle, follow through, and so on. These are some of the little things that make a difference. Learn them!
The same goes for lays ups, foot work, post play, passing, jab steps, jump stops, pivoting, blocking out, and so on.
We suggest that you start by learning the proper technique and fundamentals for:
Shooting
Passing
Dribbling
Lay ups
Jump stops
Pivoting and footwork
Jab steps
Screening
Cutting
Defense
Rebounding
These are all critical fundamentals to master because they'll make you and your team better, no matter what age level or situation you might be in.
Thursday, June 10, 2010
Wednesday, June 9, 2010
Volleyball Rules
Volleyball Rules
Scoring
All games will be rally point- which ever side wins the rally, wins the point regardless of which team was serving.
When a team fails to serve or return the ball over the net correctly to the opponent’s side, a fault is committed.
A fault is penalized by awarding a point to the other team. If the fault was made by the serving team, they lose the serve.
Games will be played to 25, no cap, a team must win by 2 points.
Serving Faults
The referee will blow the whistle and signal loss of service and award a point to the other team when one of the following occurs on the serve:
-ball passes under the net
-ball touches markers or passes outside them
-ball touches player of serving team or any object before entering opponents’court
-ball lands outside the limits (line) in opponents’ court
-if a player serves out of order- the team loses serve and points gained during such serving and the players must resume correct positions
-the team which receives the ball for service shall rotate clockwise before serving if the player serves before the whistle it is a reserve
-the serving zone is the whole area behind the end line with the server exempt from positional faults at the moment of the serve
-servers will only have one attempt (toss) to serve the ball
-servers have 8 seconds to serve
Faults on hitting the ball during play
Contacting the ball more than three successive times on one side before the ball goes to the opponents court
Individual players may not contact the ball twice in a row (exempt- after a block)
Ball may be hit with any part of the body.
If the ball rests momentarily in the hands or arms of a player, it is considered held- a fault- except when receiving a serve
Scooping, lifting, and pushing or carrying are holding faults.
If two players (opponents) contact the ball above the net at the same time, the player on the opposite side to where the ball goes is considered to have hit the ball last- other team can contact the ball three times.
Double Fault- two opponents commit a fault simultaneously – reserve
Double Hit- when the ball contacts player again after first contact. During the first hit, the ball may touch various parts of the body consecutively, provided that the contacts occur during one action. These contacts include overhand play with fingers.
A player may not block a serve.
Scoring
All games will be rally point- which ever side wins the rally, wins the point regardless of which team was serving.
When a team fails to serve or return the ball over the net correctly to the opponent’s side, a fault is committed.
A fault is penalized by awarding a point to the other team. If the fault was made by the serving team, they lose the serve.
Games will be played to 25, no cap, a team must win by 2 points.
Serving Faults
The referee will blow the whistle and signal loss of service and award a point to the other team when one of the following occurs on the serve:
-ball passes under the net
-ball touches markers or passes outside them
-ball touches player of serving team or any object before entering opponents’court
-ball lands outside the limits (line) in opponents’ court
-if a player serves out of order- the team loses serve and points gained during such serving and the players must resume correct positions
-the team which receives the ball for service shall rotate clockwise before serving if the player serves before the whistle it is a reserve
-the serving zone is the whole area behind the end line with the server exempt from positional faults at the moment of the serve
-servers will only have one attempt (toss) to serve the ball
-servers have 8 seconds to serve
Faults on hitting the ball during play
Contacting the ball more than three successive times on one side before the ball goes to the opponents court
Individual players may not contact the ball twice in a row (exempt- after a block)
Ball may be hit with any part of the body.
If the ball rests momentarily in the hands or arms of a player, it is considered held- a fault- except when receiving a serve
Scooping, lifting, and pushing or carrying are holding faults.
If two players (opponents) contact the ball above the net at the same time, the player on the opposite side to where the ball goes is considered to have hit the ball last- other team can contact the ball three times.
Double Fault- two opponents commit a fault simultaneously – reserve
Double Hit- when the ball contacts player again after first contact. During the first hit, the ball may touch various parts of the body consecutively, provided that the contacts occur during one action. These contacts include overhand play with fingers.
A player may not block a serve.
Tuesday, June 8, 2010
Badminton Rules
Badminton Rules
2008 changes
Definitions
Player Any person playing badminton
Match The basic contest between opposing sides each of one or two players
Singles A match where there is one player on each opposing side
Doubles A match where there are two players on each opposing side
Serving Side The side having the right to serve
Receiving Side The side opposing the serving side
Rally A sequence of one or more strokes starting with the service, until the shuttle ceases to be in play
Stroke A forward movement of the player’s racket
Starting the game
The toss: Before game starts, toss or hit bird into the air and let it land on the ground (the winner of the toss is the person the cork points to) The winner has choice of:
To serve or receive first
To start play at one end of the court or the other
Scoring System
A match consists of the best of 3 games of 21.
The side winning a rally adds point to its score.
At 20 all, the side which gains a 2 point lead first, wins that game
At 29 all, the side scoring the 30th point, wins that game
The side winning a game serves first in the next game.
Points- Singles
At the beginning of the game and when the score is even, the server serves from the right service court. When it is add, the server serves from the left service court.
If the server wins a rally, the server scores a point and then serves again from the alternate court.
If the receiver wins the rally, the receiver scores a point and becomes the new server.
Points- Doubles
There is only ONE serve in doubles. The service passes consecutively to the players depending on the score being odd or even.
At the beginning of the game and when the core is even, the server serves from the right court. When it is odd, the server serves from the left court.
If the serving side wins the rally, the serving side scores a point and the same server serves again from the alternate service court.
If the receiving side wins a rally, the receiving side scores a point. The receiving side becomes the serving side.
The player of the receiving side who served last stays in the same court from where he served last. The reverse pattern applies to the receivers partner.
The players do not change their respective service courts until they win a point when their side is serving.
Service
A correct serve:
• served in good time -undue delay
• the server stands within diagonally opposite service courts without touching boundary lines
• both feet of the server must stay in contact with the ground
• shuttle is below the server’s waist at contact with the shuttle
• in attempting to serve, the server can not miss the shuttle
Faults during service
• if service is not correct ( see above)
• shuttle is caught in the net
• hit by the receiver’s partner
Faults in Play
• lands outside the boundaries of the court
• passes through or under the net
• fails to pass over the net
• touches the ceiling or side walls
• touches the person or dress of a player
• is hit twice is succession by the same player
• is hit by a player and the player’s partner in succession
Faults in play by a player
• player touches the set or its supports
• racket crosses into the opponents court (over or under the net)
• obstructs an opponent
• deliberately distracts an opponent by action such as shouting or making gestures
Lets
A let is called to halt play
A let is called when:
• server serves before the receiver is ready
• shuttle breaks
2008 changes
Definitions
Player Any person playing badminton
Match The basic contest between opposing sides each of one or two players
Singles A match where there is one player on each opposing side
Doubles A match where there are two players on each opposing side
Serving Side The side having the right to serve
Receiving Side The side opposing the serving side
Rally A sequence of one or more strokes starting with the service, until the shuttle ceases to be in play
Stroke A forward movement of the player’s racket
Starting the game
The toss: Before game starts, toss or hit bird into the air and let it land on the ground (the winner of the toss is the person the cork points to) The winner has choice of:
To serve or receive first
To start play at one end of the court or the other
Scoring System
A match consists of the best of 3 games of 21.
The side winning a rally adds point to its score.
At 20 all, the side which gains a 2 point lead first, wins that game
At 29 all, the side scoring the 30th point, wins that game
The side winning a game serves first in the next game.
Points- Singles
At the beginning of the game and when the score is even, the server serves from the right service court. When it is add, the server serves from the left service court.
If the server wins a rally, the server scores a point and then serves again from the alternate court.
If the receiver wins the rally, the receiver scores a point and becomes the new server.
Points- Doubles
There is only ONE serve in doubles. The service passes consecutively to the players depending on the score being odd or even.
At the beginning of the game and when the core is even, the server serves from the right court. When it is odd, the server serves from the left court.
If the serving side wins the rally, the serving side scores a point and the same server serves again from the alternate service court.
If the receiving side wins a rally, the receiving side scores a point. The receiving side becomes the serving side.
The player of the receiving side who served last stays in the same court from where he served last. The reverse pattern applies to the receivers partner.
The players do not change their respective service courts until they win a point when their side is serving.
Service
A correct serve:
• served in good time -undue delay
• the server stands within diagonally opposite service courts without touching boundary lines
• both feet of the server must stay in contact with the ground
• shuttle is below the server’s waist at contact with the shuttle
• in attempting to serve, the server can not miss the shuttle
Faults during service
• if service is not correct ( see above)
• shuttle is caught in the net
• hit by the receiver’s partner
Faults in Play
• lands outside the boundaries of the court
• passes through or under the net
• fails to pass over the net
• touches the ceiling or side walls
• touches the person or dress of a player
• is hit twice is succession by the same player
• is hit by a player and the player’s partner in succession
Faults in play by a player
• player touches the set or its supports
• racket crosses into the opponents court (over or under the net)
• obstructs an opponent
• deliberately distracts an opponent by action such as shouting or making gestures
Lets
A let is called to halt play
A let is called when:
• server serves before the receiver is ready
• shuttle breaks
Flag Football Rules
Flag Football Rules Simplified
Can be played with up to 9 players on a team, and can be played indoors or outdoors. The field should be longer than it is wider with cones used to determine the centerline.
There will be no kickoff. Play will start on the hash mark near the offensive team's goal line. A coin toss determines who gets first possession of the ball..
Scoring:
Touch down = 6 points
Conversion by running = 1 point Conversion by passing = 2 points
Safety = 2 points
Terms:
Down- when the ball becomes dead. Four downs (or tries) are allowed to score a touch
down, or cross the centerline. On the fourth down if the offensive team doesn’t
score or reach the centerline they should punt the ball or risk turning over the ball
at the line of scrimmage.
Dead ball- the ball becomes dead when:
a. the ball carrier’s flag becomes detached
b. when any part of the ball carrier’s body other than the hands and feet touch the ground
c. an incomplete pass
d. a fumble
e. when the ball goes out of bounds
Center- the offensive lineman who snaps the football to the quarterback
Defense- the team that does not have possession of the ball
End zone- the area between the goal line and the end line where touchdowns occur
Fake- a move made by a player for the purpose of deceiving an opponent
First down- the first of four attempts to move the football forward into the end zone or to
the center line
Fumble- the ball carrier drops the ball while in their possession. Fumbles become dead
balls and can not be advanced by the recovering team
Handoff- an exchange of the football from the quarterback to a teammate. Only one
off during a series of downs
Interception- when the defense catch a ball that was meant to be caught by the offensive
team
Line of Scrimmage- Imaginary line drawn from the forward tip of the football to the side
line
Offense- the team that has possession of the football
Offside- Movement across the line of scrimmage before the football is snapped
Safety- removing the flag of the other team behind their own goal line with the ball
Touchdown- an offensive player having possession of the football in the opponent’s end
zone
Can be played with up to 9 players on a team, and can be played indoors or outdoors. The field should be longer than it is wider with cones used to determine the centerline.
There will be no kickoff. Play will start on the hash mark near the offensive team's goal line. A coin toss determines who gets first possession of the ball..
Scoring:
Touch down = 6 points
Conversion by running = 1 point Conversion by passing = 2 points
Safety = 2 points
Terms:
Down- when the ball becomes dead. Four downs (or tries) are allowed to score a touch
down, or cross the centerline. On the fourth down if the offensive team doesn’t
score or reach the centerline they should punt the ball or risk turning over the ball
at the line of scrimmage.
Dead ball- the ball becomes dead when:
a. the ball carrier’s flag becomes detached
b. when any part of the ball carrier’s body other than the hands and feet touch the ground
c. an incomplete pass
d. a fumble
e. when the ball goes out of bounds
Center- the offensive lineman who snaps the football to the quarterback
Defense- the team that does not have possession of the ball
End zone- the area between the goal line and the end line where touchdowns occur
Fake- a move made by a player for the purpose of deceiving an opponent
First down- the first of four attempts to move the football forward into the end zone or to
the center line
Fumble- the ball carrier drops the ball while in their possession. Fumbles become dead
balls and can not be advanced by the recovering team
Handoff- an exchange of the football from the quarterback to a teammate. Only one
off during a series of downs
Interception- when the defense catch a ball that was meant to be caught by the offensive
team
Line of Scrimmage- Imaginary line drawn from the forward tip of the football to the side
line
Offense- the team that has possession of the football
Offside- Movement across the line of scrimmage before the football is snapped
Safety- removing the flag of the other team behind their own goal line with the ball
Touchdown- an offensive player having possession of the football in the opponent’s end
zone
Soccer Rules
Soccer Rules
Field
The Soccer field, this is the surface on which the game is played, it is originally called the field of play but the name that is most used is the football pitch. Take a look at the picture on the "RIGHT", That is how the field is supposed to look like according to FIFA.
The Ball
An official ball has to weigh 14 to 16 ounces and must have a circunference of 27 to 28 inches. The ball should also be inflated from between 8.5 to 15.6 PSI.
Number Of Players
Team start with eleven players, That is 10 players on the field and 1 goalkeeper however, a team can have as few as 7 players. According to FIFA rules they are allowed three subtitutuions. Under FIFA rules if one player leaves the game for a sub, then he or she can not return to the game.
Equipment
The basic equipment for soccer inclueds a shirt (or Jersey), shorts, shin guards, socks, and athletic foot wear (soccer cleats). A player can not wear anythin that a referee thinks its dangerous to play against the opposing players. Goalkeepers have to use colors to distinguish themselves from the rest of the officials and players.
Officials
The main official in the match is the referee . He or she is in control of the match and keeps the players in order and playing by the rules. the referee is the person in the middle of the field and is helped by two assistants. The assistant referee carrys flags and run up and down the sideline following the players. Assistant referees are the ones who decides wich team gets possession of the ball when the ball goes out of the play.
Duration
A regular match lasts 90 minutes (two 45 minute halves) with a halve time no more than 15 minutes. Soccer also include something called "injury time" this time is added by the game officials and the end of a half or match if the officials determine there has been wasted time in injuries, substitutuion, or players arguing with referees. Also if one of the two teams "have to win" no matter what, then the referee gives them 30 additional minutes (two 15 minutes halves) for one of those teams to score and win but if they are still tie then they go to penalties.
Start of play
Before the game starts, the referee flips a coin and the team that wins the flip, decides wich team will attack in the first half of the game.
Methods of Scoring
The team with the most goals at the end of the 90 minutes or overtime is the winner. In order to score, the ball has to completly cross the goal line. To make a goal, players can head, kick, or deflect the ball to the into the net to get a goal but can never use their hands to make a goal.
Throw in
A throw in happens when a player sends the ball out of bound over the sideline. The ball is given to the opposing team. The player may use his or her hands to throw the ball in from out of bound without lifting their feet off the ground.
Offside
Offside happens when the striker is closer to the opposing teams goal than that teams last defender. To make it easier, Try to picture an imaginary line on Team 1's last defender, try to make a line parellel to the goaline if Team 2's srtiker is over this line when his teammate passes the ball, then he is offsides. If Team 2's striker is on the same line as Team 1's last defender (or underneath the line) the he is in a correct possession.
Goal Kick
The goal kick is made when the ball crosses the goal line on either side of the goal. A player on the defending team kicks the ball from any point from the goal area.
Corner Kick
The corner kick is taken when the ball passes over the end line and its last touched by a defensive player. To begin play the ball is placed inside the corner arc near the nearest corner flag.
Misconduct
Misconduct in the game of soccer is not tolerated in any way, and it is the referee's job to keep the match orderly. Illegal actions may lead to a free kick or diciplinary action against the offending player.
Forms of misconduct: Charging, stricking, jumping, or kicking an opponent
Handling the ball
Tackling an opponent without touching the ball first
Dangerous play (such as grabbing a jersey)
Intentional blocking of an opponent
Not letting an opossing goalkeeper from releasing the ball
A goalkeeper's taking more than four steps while holding, throwing, or catching the ball
A goalkeeper touching the ball with his hands when handling a pass from his teammate
Direct Kick
This kick is taken where the offense accured by a member of the team who did not commit the foul. A player may score directly on this kick.
Indirect Kick
The opposite of a direct kick well it has to be an intirect kick. That must first touch another player before a goal can be scored.
Penalty kicks
This kick is done when a foul occurs in the penalty area. The referee places the ball in the penalty spot (that is 12 yard from the goal line) and only the goal keeper is allowed to defend the penalty kick.
Yellow and Red Cards
Players may be given a YELLOW card by the referee when the player displayes unsportsmanlike behavior or is disagreeable with the referee, Repeatedly breaks the rules, Delays the restart of the game, Does not stand the required distance prior to a free or corner kick, and takes or leaves the field without the referee's permission.
More serious violations result in players receiving a RED card. If a player recieves a red card, He or she is expelled from the game and the team must play shorthanded for the remainder of the match. If a player receives two yellow cards during the match, he or she is expelled. They could recieve a red card by: A dangerous foul, violent behavior, offensive language, spitting on an opponent or any other person, diliberately handling the ball, and by commiting an offense punishable by a penalty kick in an effort to deny an obvious goal scoring opportunity.
Field
The Soccer field, this is the surface on which the game is played, it is originally called the field of play but the name that is most used is the football pitch. Take a look at the picture on the "RIGHT", That is how the field is supposed to look like according to FIFA.
The Ball
An official ball has to weigh 14 to 16 ounces and must have a circunference of 27 to 28 inches. The ball should also be inflated from between 8.5 to 15.6 PSI.
Number Of Players
Team start with eleven players, That is 10 players on the field and 1 goalkeeper however, a team can have as few as 7 players. According to FIFA rules they are allowed three subtitutuions. Under FIFA rules if one player leaves the game for a sub, then he or she can not return to the game.
Equipment
The basic equipment for soccer inclueds a shirt (or Jersey), shorts, shin guards, socks, and athletic foot wear (soccer cleats). A player can not wear anythin that a referee thinks its dangerous to play against the opposing players. Goalkeepers have to use colors to distinguish themselves from the rest of the officials and players.
Officials
The main official in the match is the referee . He or she is in control of the match and keeps the players in order and playing by the rules. the referee is the person in the middle of the field and is helped by two assistants. The assistant referee carrys flags and run up and down the sideline following the players. Assistant referees are the ones who decides wich team gets possession of the ball when the ball goes out of the play.
Duration
A regular match lasts 90 minutes (two 45 minute halves) with a halve time no more than 15 minutes. Soccer also include something called "injury time" this time is added by the game officials and the end of a half or match if the officials determine there has been wasted time in injuries, substitutuion, or players arguing with referees. Also if one of the two teams "have to win" no matter what, then the referee gives them 30 additional minutes (two 15 minutes halves) for one of those teams to score and win but if they are still tie then they go to penalties.
Start of play
Before the game starts, the referee flips a coin and the team that wins the flip, decides wich team will attack in the first half of the game.
Methods of Scoring
The team with the most goals at the end of the 90 minutes or overtime is the winner. In order to score, the ball has to completly cross the goal line. To make a goal, players can head, kick, or deflect the ball to the into the net to get a goal but can never use their hands to make a goal.
Throw in
A throw in happens when a player sends the ball out of bound over the sideline. The ball is given to the opposing team. The player may use his or her hands to throw the ball in from out of bound without lifting their feet off the ground.
Offside
Offside happens when the striker is closer to the opposing teams goal than that teams last defender. To make it easier, Try to picture an imaginary line on Team 1's last defender, try to make a line parellel to the goaline if Team 2's srtiker is over this line when his teammate passes the ball, then he is offsides. If Team 2's striker is on the same line as Team 1's last defender (or underneath the line) the he is in a correct possession.
Goal Kick
The goal kick is made when the ball crosses the goal line on either side of the goal. A player on the defending team kicks the ball from any point from the goal area.
Corner Kick
The corner kick is taken when the ball passes over the end line and its last touched by a defensive player. To begin play the ball is placed inside the corner arc near the nearest corner flag.
Misconduct
Misconduct in the game of soccer is not tolerated in any way, and it is the referee's job to keep the match orderly. Illegal actions may lead to a free kick or diciplinary action against the offending player.
Forms of misconduct: Charging, stricking, jumping, or kicking an opponent
Handling the ball
Tackling an opponent without touching the ball first
Dangerous play (such as grabbing a jersey)
Intentional blocking of an opponent
Not letting an opossing goalkeeper from releasing the ball
A goalkeeper's taking more than four steps while holding, throwing, or catching the ball
A goalkeeper touching the ball with his hands when handling a pass from his teammate
Direct Kick
This kick is taken where the offense accured by a member of the team who did not commit the foul. A player may score directly on this kick.
Indirect Kick
The opposite of a direct kick well it has to be an intirect kick. That must first touch another player before a goal can be scored.
Penalty kicks
This kick is done when a foul occurs in the penalty area. The referee places the ball in the penalty spot (that is 12 yard from the goal line) and only the goal keeper is allowed to defend the penalty kick.
Yellow and Red Cards
Players may be given a YELLOW card by the referee when the player displayes unsportsmanlike behavior or is disagreeable with the referee, Repeatedly breaks the rules, Delays the restart of the game, Does not stand the required distance prior to a free or corner kick, and takes or leaves the field without the referee's permission.
More serious violations result in players receiving a RED card. If a player recieves a red card, He or she is expelled from the game and the team must play shorthanded for the remainder of the match. If a player receives two yellow cards during the match, he or she is expelled. They could recieve a red card by: A dangerous foul, violent behavior, offensive language, spitting on an opponent or any other person, diliberately handling the ball, and by commiting an offense punishable by a penalty kick in an effort to deny an obvious goal scoring opportunity.
Basketball Rules
The link below displays all basketball rules.
http://www.life123.com/sports/basketball/basketball-facts/high-school-basketball-rules.shtml
http://www.life123.com/sports/basketball/basketball-facts/high-school-basketball-rules.shtml
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